Senate Repeals "DeFi Broker Rule," Ushering in US DeFi Deregulation Blitz?
特朗普入主白宫后加密市场利好政策频传。美国当地时间 3 月 4 日,参议院以 70 票对 27 票通过了撤销「DeFi 经纪人规则」。白宫 AI 与加密货币主管 David Sacks 于社交平台发文表示,「白宫很高兴宣布支持由 Senator Ted Cruz 和 Congressman Mike Carey 提出的《国会审查法案》(CRA),以撤销所谓的「DeFi 经纪人规则」——这是拜登政府在最后时刻对加密社区的攻击。」

不过决议仍待众议院通过,之后美国总统特朗普可以将其签署成为法律。一旦完成,不仅该规则将被彻底废除,国税局未来也将被禁止推行类似政策。白宫表示,总统可能会迅速签署这项决议。
代表 Coinbase、Kraken 和 Uniswap Labs 等知名加密货币公司的区块链协会支持废除该规则,并表示这将避免对 DeFi 创新施加不必要的限制。DeFi 教育基金称,参议院的投票是「美国数字资产监管众多历史性里程碑中的第一个」。
为什么撤销「DeFi 经纪人规则」?
DeFi 经纪人规则是 2025 年 1 月 1 日起实施的针对去中心化金融(DeFi)中介服务提供者(如交易平台、借贷协议等)的监管框架,旨在确保合规性、用户保护和风险管理。核心内容包括反洗钱(AML)、用户身份验证(KYC)、智能合约审计、资金安全以及透明度要求。根据 TaxDAO 的专业解读,这项规则对于反洗钱、反恐怖主义、反逃税有一定的积极作用。
其实 DeFi 经纪人规则实施前就在业界引发了不小的争议。由于去中心化平台并不像传统金融机构那样持有资金或保存客户数据,不少批评者认为该规则不切实际,而且是一种「监管过度」。数字资产智库 Coin Center 称该提案「在技术上不可行」。
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究其原因,主要是 DeFi 经纪人规则企图沿用 TradFi 思路监管 DeFi,没有顺应 Crypto 的发展逻辑和特质,忽略了 DeFi 去中心化和匿名性,从根本上误解了它试图监管的技术。DeFi 经纪人规则对合规管理提出了更高要求,要求从业者必须严格履行税务申报义务并强制推行 KYC 机制。以 1099-DA 表格填报规范为例,该规定明确要求经纪人提交包含投资者数字钱包地址及交易量,这种监管措施将实质性改变现有交易模式:一方面,KYC 机制会丧失 DeFi 的匿名特性,导致隐私保护水平显著降低;另一方面,用户数据的采集、处理及申报流程将大幅提升运营成本及合规压力。
这种 TradFi 监管方式可能对 DeFi 发展造成更深远的影响:首先,人工审核环节的增加将干扰智能合约的自动化执行流程,影响去中心化治理机制的运行效率;其次,信息披露义务与 DeFi 生态的核心理念存在根本性冲突。如果监管持续强化透明度要求并削弱匿名特征,不仅会改变用户群体的交易行为模式,更可能导致分布式金融体系的市场竞争力与创新活力受到严重制约。
撤销 DeFi 经纪人规则的发起人、参议员 Ted Cruz 在本次投票前的参议院发言中表示:「DeFi 是加密货币革命的一个缩影」。他称这一规则是「不连贯的」联邦越权行为。他认为,将软件开发者视为经纪人(并迫使他们披露用户数据和个人信息)的规则毫无意义,「他们的软件从未持有或控制用户资金。」
a16z Crypto 监管负责人 Michele Korver 也曾发文表示,美国财政部昨日发布的新经纪人报告规则对 DeFi 的发展愿景构成了直接威胁,并可能阻碍美国 DeFi 创新的未来。为此,a16z Crypto 支持 Blockchain Association、DeFi Education Fund、Texas Blockchain Council 提起诉讼,指控美国税务局和财政部超越了其法定权限,违反了《行政程序法》(APA),甚至违宪。

特朗普治下「加密去监管」,DeFi 首当其冲
本次提案以 70 票对 27 票的压倒性胜利通过,表明不仅共和党,民主党也有不少人支持 Crypto 发展。类似的情况在上一届国会废除 SEC 加密货币会计规则的投票中也曾出现,显示两党对 Crypto 发展的支持力度持续增强,延续了在加密货币立法上的合作趋势,可能为今年的稳定币立法等加密法案带来利好。
随着特朗普再次执政,有史以来最支持加密货币的美国国会诞生。虽说总统币、夫人币和这两天特朗普发文再次强调「加密货币战略储备」后的画门行情令不少人大失所望,但不可否认政策上的转变确实利于加密市场。在重回白宫后的第三天,即 2025 年 1 月 23 日,特朗普就签署行政命令,成立加密货币工作组,任务包括提出新的数字资产监管建议,并探索建立国家加密货币储备。该命令明确禁止在美国创建中央银行数字货币(CBDC),避免政府发行的数字货币与现有加密货币竞争。
DeFi 作为加密世界的核心构成,早年间也是首当其冲地成了 SEC 等监管机构施压和管辖的对象。但最近 DeFi 领域各项监管利好信号频出,不难看出监管机构态度确有转向。从 SEC 宣布撤销 Kraken 诉讼;关闭对 Gemini 的调查;终止对 Uniswap Labs 长达三年的调查且未采取任何执法行动;Wintermute 和 Citadel Securities 两个做市商巨头开始进军美国市场;Tornado Cash 创始人 Alexey Pertsev 获得暂时释放......
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除此之外,SEC 撤销了要求上市公司将第三方加密资产同时记录为资产和负债的会计指导,又宣布成立加密任务组,制定全面清晰的监管框架,还表示将缩减加密执法力度,重新分配 50 多名专职律师和工作人员减轻行业监管压力。此外,上月 SEC 确认了几家美国传统巨头申请的加密 ETF 申请,并集中撤回了对 Coinbase、Robinhood、Uniswap 等加密货币项目的诉讼和调查。这些举措表明 SEC 对加密资产的态度正从「强监管」转向「友好型」。
未来,在以「DeFi 经纪人规则」撤销为代表的监管政策松绑环境下,加密市场迎来的可能不仅仅是利好。在宽松的监管环境中,如何打击洗钱等非法行为,如何确保税收公平与市场秩序?在加密行业迅速发展的背景下,如何在鼓励创新与加强监管之间找到平衡点?这位「加密总统」,又将如何兑现美国成为世界加密之都的承诺?这一切还需要在加密市场与监管政策的不断探索与磨合中形成答案。
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